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Novichok ((ロシア語:новичок) meaning "newcomer") is a series of nerve agents that were developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s.〔Tucker, J. B.; War of Nerves; Anchor Books; New York; 2006; pp 232-233.〕 Allegedly these are the most deadly nerve agents ever made, with some variants possibly five to eight times more potent than VX, though this has never been proven.〔〔Yevgenia Albats and Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. ''The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia — Past, Present, and Future'', 1994. ISBN 0-374-18104-7 (see pages 325-328)〕 They belong to "fourth generation chemical weapons" designed as a part of Soviet "Foliant" program.〔Tucker, J. B.; War of Nerves; Anchor Books; New York; 2006; pp 231.〕 Initially designated K-84 and later renamed A-230, the Novichok family of analogs comprises more than a hundred structural variants.〔Tucker, J. B.; War of Nerves; Anchor Books; New York; 2006; pp 233.〕 Of all the variants the most promising, from a military standpoint, was A-232 (Novichok-5).〔Tucker, J. B.; War of Nerves; Anchor Books; New York; 2006; pp 253.〕 == Design objectives == These agents were designed to achieve three objectives: * To be undetectable using standard NATO chemical detection equipment; * To defeat NATO chemical protective gear; * To be safer to handle. Although all these objectives were claimed to have been achieved, this is yet to be proven. Some of these agents are binary weapons, in which precursors for the nerve agents are mixed in a munition to produce the agent just prior to its use. Because the precursors are generally significantly less hazardous than the agents themselves, this technique makes handling and transporting the munitions a great deal simpler. Additionally, precursors to the agents are usually much easier to stabilize than the agents themselves, so this technique also made it possible to increase the shelf life of the agents. However this has the disadvantage that careless preparation or preparation by untrained individuals may produce a non-optimal agent. During the 1980s and 1990s, binary versions of several Soviet agents were developed and are designated as "Novichok" agents. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Novichok agent」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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